Whether从句类型及语义分析第1篇
【释义】
英['wee(r)]美['weer]
conj.是否;不管;无论
【词组短语】
whether if是否
discussing whether讨论是否;在讨论是否
Whether continues是否继续下去
Whether leave是否该
Whether law否则
Whether authorized是否预授权
Side whether否侧
Whether in在否
Whether Black不管黑猫
【词义辨析】
whether, if
这两个词的共同意思是“假使,如果”。
1.if从句可以表示希望;而whether从句单纯表示事实。
2.if不能用在介词之后的间接疑问句中;而whether可以。
3.if不能用在“to+动词原形”的前面;而whether可以。
4.if不能引导主语、表语从句;而whether可以。
【双语例句】
用作连词(conj.)
I'm uncertain whether to go or not.
我不能肯定去还是不去。
His nationality isn't relevant to whether he's a good teacher.
他的国籍与他是否是位好老师无关。
Little does he care whether we live or die.
他一点也不管我们是死是活。
Air whether in the gaseous or liquid state is a fluid.
空气,无论是气态的还是液态的,都是一种流体。
I'd always support my country, whether it was right or wrong.
我会一直支持我的国家,无论它是对是错。
Sir Isaac Newton said that time was absolute,that it occurred whether the universe was here or not.
爱萨克·牛顿爵士说时间是绝对存在的,无论宇宙存在与否它都存在。
【21世纪大英汉词典】
whether ['hwee]
conj.
是否:
to ask whether she will help
问她是否能帮帮忙
不管…还是…:
Whether he drives or (whether he) flies, he'll be on time.
不管他坐车来还是坐飞机来,他都将准时到达。
(两者中的)任何一个:
taxation to support the war, whether just or not
支持正义或非正义战争的赋税
pron.
[古语](两者中的)哪一个;(两者中的)任何一个
adj.
[古语](两者中的)哪一个;(两者中的)任何一个
短语:
whether…or…
是…还是…;无论是…还是…;或者…或者…;不是…就是…
不管…还是…
whether or no(或not)
不管怎样,无论如何
不论是否
是否
Whether从句类型及语义分析第2篇
一,this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that。如:This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如:
This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某人时说This is,不说That is。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。 (5)This is不能缩写,而That is可以缩写。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that。如:——Hello! Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?——Yes, this is. Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am,Are you?/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that。如:①——Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?——Yes, it is.是的,它是。 ②——What’s that?那是什么?——It’s a kite.是只风筝。二.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词,these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 ②These pictures are good.这些画很好。 ③ Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时,通常用they代替these或those以避免
全国注册建筑师、建造师考试
备考资料
历年真题
考试心得
模拟试题
重复。如:
④Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are.是的,他们是。一填空
1、 I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(这些)2. I don’t like ____ shoes. ____shoes are too small.(那些)3. I want _____(这个)sweater. I don’t want________(那个)sweater._____(那个)is too big.
二、英汉互译。
1、这支钢笔2.那些英语书3. these erasers 4. that car
三、选择。()1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green. A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That()2. Is _____ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these()3. ________two boys are Mr. Green’s sons. A. This B. These C. That D. those()4. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda. A. This B. They C. That D. Those()5. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father. A. This,those B. That,these C. These,these D. This,this
三,There be句型
(1)There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构:There be放句首,主语跟在后。地、时放句末,强调置前头。如:There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点,也可把介词短语放在句首。如:On the desk there is a book. (2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如①There is a tree behind the house. ②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子)。 ③There are some pears in the box. (3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor.练习1:用is或are填空
1、 There________many monkeys in the mountain. 2. There_______a beautiful garden in our school. 3. There _________some water in the glass. 4. There __________some bread on the table. 5. _________there any maps on the wall? 6. There __________twenty desks in our classroom.
四,have/has
五.区别except/besides和except for:except:指“(不包括本身在内的)除之外”,“-” E.g. He gets up early every day except Sunday. besides:指“(包括本身在内的)除之外”,“+” E.g. Five others were late besides me. except for:指前后比较范围是不同类型的E.g. Except for one old man, the bus was empty.
语法易错点归纳总结[第一类]名词类1.这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman teachers doing?[正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析]在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women. 2.房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room?[正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。 3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son. 7. There__________a bird in the tree. 8. There __________some trees near the house. 9. ________there a cup of tea on the table? 10. There_________some apple juice in the glass. 11. There_____a bed and two chairs in Betty's room. 12. There __________some milk in the bottle. 13. There __________some children in the park. 14. There __________an ice cream in the boy’s hand. 15. There__________a teacher and many students in our classroom. 16. There_______many birds and a lion in the forest. 17. There__________an orange on the table. 18. There__________many things over there 19. There__________an eraser in the pencil-case. 20. There__________a football match on television this evening
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son. [析]表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of +不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。 [第二类]动词类
4、你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?[正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析]借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。 5.琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。 [误] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV. [析]在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ ving形式构成。 6这双鞋是红色的。 [误] This pair of shoes are red. [正] This pair of shoes is red. [析]在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。 [第三类]代词类
7、这张票是她的,不是我的。 [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine. [析]物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8、吴老师教我们英语。 [误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English. [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。 [第四类]介词类
9、你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误] Can you find the answer of this question?[正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析]英语中用“the answer to ”表示“的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door,the way to the zoo 10.格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening. [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening. [析]表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on. 11.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。 [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [析]用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。 [第五类]副词类12.莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?[误] Lily,why don’t you go to home?[正] Lily,why don’t you go home?
[析] come,go等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。 [第六类]连词类
13、我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.and history. [正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’t like P.E.or history. [析]在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。 [第七类]冠词类
14、乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。 [误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane. [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. [析] 1.表示“一家人”用结构“the +姓氏复数”;2.our一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用an hour;3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。 [第八类]句法类
15、 ――你不是学生吗?――不,我是学生。 [误] ――Aren’t you a student?――No,I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student?――Yes,I am. [析]对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。
中考真题练习
1、 —— What about Mr. Black's speech? ——Wonderful! There were ____________ people there. A. a large number of B. much C. a great deal of D. lots 2. My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven't seen him_______. A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on C. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago 3. —— What would you like for _______ breakfast, Mr. Scott? ——Three pieces of bread with_______ cup of black tea, please. A. a; a B.不填;the C. a; the D.不填;a 4. —— What are you looking for, Michelle? ——My cousin's MP3 player. It _______ right here, and now it's_______. A. has been; gone B 。was; gone C. was; going D. is; going 5. —— Can your brother make model airplane? ——Yes, this week he ______ a new model. A. builds B. is built Chad built D. is building 6. Mr. White is of great help; you ______ let him go. A 。had not better B. had better don' t C. had better not D. had no better 7. My grandfather wants ______ around the world because he enjoys ______ new places. A. travelling; seeing B. to travel; to see C. to travel; seeing D. travelling; to see 8. Mr. Watson won’t be here next week, and______. A. neither his wife will B. neither his wife won' t C. his wife won' t neither D. his wife won' t either
Whether从句类型及语义分析第3篇
1.引导宾语从句表示“是否”时,两者可以互换。
I don`t know if /whether he is satisfied with my work.但用if引导宾语从句可能会引起歧义时,应避免使用if而用whether.
试比较:please let me know if you want to go。上句可以理解为“宾语从句”,即:请告诉我,你是否想去也可以理解为“条件从句”,即:如果你想去,请告诉我一声。
2.在不定式前,只能用whether不用if The question is whether to go or stay。问题是去还是留下。 3.在介词后只能用whether。不用if It depends on whether he is ready or not.这取决于他是否做好了准备。 4与or nut直接连用时,只用whether不用if
I asked him whether or not he was coming我问他是否要来。 5.引导主语从句且放到句首时用whether不用if。
Whether he will come or not still remains a question.他是否要来仍然是个问题。
6.引导同位语从句时用whether不用if。 They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.他们问了我这个问题,这个工作是否值得做。 7.引导表语从句时用whether不用if.
The question is whether we should go on with the work.问题是我们是否应该继续做这项工作。 8.引导宾语从句且放到句首时用whether不用if
Whether he has stolen the money,I can`t say.他是否偷了钱,我说不准。
9.某些动词如discuss后面的宾语从句用whether不用if.
They are discussing whether it is necessary for them to do it soon.
他们正在讨论他们是否有必要很快去做这件事。
Whether从句类型及语义分析第4篇
whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”,在口语或间接引语中两者可以互换使用。如:
I wonder if / whether I can get some advice from you.
Ask him whether / if he can come.
但在有些情况下,whether和if的用法有一定区别。
1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用,而if一般不能。如:
正:Let me know whether you can come or not.
误:Let me know if you can come or not.
2、当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导,而不能用if.如:
正:Whether it is true or not,I can’t tell.
误:If it is true or not,I can’t tell.
whether的相关解释
conj.(表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择)是否;(表示两种情况都真实)是…(还是),或者…(或者),不管…(还是);
Whether从句类型及语义分析第5篇
一名词性从句
1、主要包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。一般由that引起,也可由who, what, when, why,which, whom, whether, how引起。
2、主语从句很多情况下都可以放到句子后面,而用代词it作形式上的主语。
3、形式宾语
4、由名词性关系代词whatever, whoever,whichever等引起的宾语从句
5、 whether and if都能引导从句,但用法有所不同。当主语从句直接位于句首时,应用whether,而不用if. Whether后能直接or not,但if不能。
Whether he will come or not is not known.
6、在名词reason后的表语从句必须用that引导,不可误用because.
The reason why he is often late for class is that hehas the bad habit of getting up late in the morning.
二:定语从句
1、引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose,that, when, where, why and which.在非限制定语从句中,只可用which, who, whose, where,when.,如果指代前面整个句子,多用which.
2、当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no,little, much, very first等词,或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something,everything时,从句的引导词只能用that.
3、 as可做引导词引导定语从句,多和such, the same连用。 As引导的定语从句也可修饰整个句子,既可放在先行词后,也可放在句子开头。
4、介词+which/whom/whose从句
5、代/名+介词+which从句
6、同位语从句和定语从句
三、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
四、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
五、关系代词的用法
1、 that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat(that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is asupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is fromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
六、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late forschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
Whether从句类型及语义分析第6篇
1.whether和if都可以表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。
You may wonder whether/if it is true.你可能想知道它是否是真的。
2、当引导的从句中出现or not时,通常用whether,而不用if。
I'm wondering whether you will come to my party or not tomorrow.我想知道你明天是否来参加我的聚会。
3.to+动词的结构(即动词不定式)前只能用whether。
Have you decided whether to accept the offer yet?你决定好是否接受那个报价了吗?
4、介词prep.后只能用whether。
We're discussing the problem of whether to accept the offer.我们正在讨论关于是否接受报价的问题。
5、当宾语从句提到句首表示强调时,只能用whether引导,不能用if。
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem.他们是否能按时完成他们的工作还是个问题。
6、只能用whether引导主语、表语或同位语从句,不可用if。
It was a question whether the girl should get married.这个女孩是否应该结婚曾是个问题。
The question is whether they will support the plan.问题是他们是否会支持这个计划。
The question,whether we need it,has not yet been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有被考虑到。
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