¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º×÷ÎĵÚ1ƪ
½ñÌìÓïÎÄ¿ÎÉÏ£¬ÀÏʦ¸øÎÒÃÇ¿ªÁËÒ»¸ö²»´ó²»Ð¡µÄÍæÐ¦¡£ÀÏʦÈÃÎÒÃÇ˵¡°±¡¡±Õâ¸ö×ÖÈ¥µô²¿Ê×»¹Ê£Ï¼¸»£¬°àÀï³öÏÖÁËÁ½Öִ𰸣¬12ºÍ13¡£¸Õ¿ªÊ¼£¬Ðí¶àͬѧ¶¼ËµÊÇ13»£¬½¹ÀÏʦ¡°¹ÖÉù¹ÖÆø¡±µÄÎÊÁËÒ»Éù£º¡°13£¿¡±¡°Ê²Ã´13°¡£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊÇ12¡£¡±Ã»Ïëµ½½¹ÀÏʦÓÖÎÊÁËÒ»Éù£º¡°12£¿¡±¾ÍÁ¢¿ÌÓÖÓÐÈË˵£º¡°Ã÷Ã÷ÊÇ13Â¡±¡°13£¿¡±¡°Ê²Ã´ÂÃ÷Ã÷ÊÇ12£¡¡±½¹ÀÏʦ¹þ¹þһЦ£º¡°ÄãÃǰ¡£¬Ì«²»¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºà¶£¡¡±
Êǰ¡£¬½¹ÀÏʦ˵µÄ²»´í£¬ÎÒÃÇÊÇÌ«²»¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºÁË¡£ÀÏʦһÎʾ͡°µ¹¡±ÏÂÁË¡£ÔÚ¼ÒÀҲÊÇͬÑù°¡¡£×òÌìµÄÊýѧ×÷Òµ£¬ÈÃÔÚÏñÒ»¸ö¡°ÈÕ¡±×ÖÐÎ×´µÄͼÐÎÖÐÕÒÆ½ÐÐÏߣ¬ÎÒ˵ÓÐ6×飬°Ö°Öƫ˵ֻÓÐ4×é¡£ÎÒÏëÁËһϣ¬·ÅÆúÁË×Ô¼ºµÄÒâ¼û¡£¿É½ñÌì×÷Òµ·¢ÏÂÀ´ÒÔºó¿É²ÒÁË£¬Ó¦¸ÃÓÐ6×飬ÎÒÈ´ÌýÁËÀϰֵġ°ÃýÂÛ¡±£¬¸Ä³ÉÁË4×é¡£°¥£¡ÕæÊDz»Ó¦¸Ã¼áÐÅÌý´óÈ˵ÄÒâ¼ûÓÀÔ¶ÊǶԵİ¡£¡
ÕâÁ½¼þÊÂʹÎÒÏëÆðÎÒÃǼ¸ÖÜǰѧ¹ýµÄ¿ÎÎÄ¡ª¡ª¡¶Ð¡ÔóÕ÷¶ûµÄÅжϡ·£¬ÈÕ±¾ÖøÃûÖ¸»Ó¼ÒСÔóÕ÷¶û£¬²Î¼ÓÒôÀÖÖ¸»Ó´óÈü¡£ËûÃæ¶ÔÊý°ÙÃû¹ú¼ÊÒôÀÖ´óʦ£¬¶¼²»ÃÔÐÅȨÍþ£¬¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÕýÈ·Åжϣ¬¹û¶ÏµÄÖ¸³öÀ֯׵ĴíÎó£¬Òò¶ø»ñµÃÁËÕâ´Î´óÈüµÄ¹ð¹Ú¡£´ËºóÎÅÃûÊÀ½ç¡£È˼ÒСÔóÕ÷¶ûÃæ¶ÔÊý°ÙÃû¹ú¼ÊÒôÀÖ´óʦ¶¼¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÅжϣ¬ºÎ¿öÎÒÃÇÄØ£¿
ÔÚÉú»îÖУ¬ÎÒÃDz»¹Ü¸ÉʲôÊ£¬¶¼Òª¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º¡£ÒôÀÖÖ¸»Ó¼ÒСÔóÕ÷¶û¾ÍÊÇÎÒÃÇѧϰµÄ°ñÑù£¬Ëû¸ÒÓÚ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬²ÅÄÜ»ñµÃ´óÈüµÄ¹ð¹Ú¡£ÄÇÔÚÆ½Ê±£¬ÀÏʦ˵´íÁË£¬ÎÒÃÇÒª¼°Ê±ÌáÐÑÀÏʦ¡£×÷ÒµÉϵÄÌâ³ö´íÁË£¬ÎÒÃÇÒª¸ÒÓÚÏòÀÏʦָ³ö¡£Ö»ÓÐÕâÑù£¬ÎÒÃdz¤´ó²ÅÄÜ×öÒ»¸ö¶ÔÉç»áÓÐÓõÄÈË£¡
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º×÷ÎĵÚ2ƪ
ÎÒ¾õµÃ×Ô¼ºÊÇÒ»¸ö±È½Ï×Ô±°µÄÈË£¬Ò²²»ÖªµÀΪʲô£¬×ÜÊǾõµÃ×Ô¼ºµÄ¸ÐÖªºÍ¹ÛµãÊÇÄÇô²Ô°×ÎÞÁ¦£¬×ÜÊÇÔÚ±ðÈË»¹Ã»Óзñ¶¨µÄʱºò£¬×Ô¼ºÏȲ»ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼ºÁË¡£ÕýÊÇÒòΪÕâÑùÏÖÔÚÎÒ¾õµÃ×Ô¼ºÊ§È¥ÁËÐí¶à»ú»á£¬µ±ÓÐЩ¶«Î÷ÏòÎÒÅ×À´éÏéÖ¦µÄʱºò£¬×ÜÊDz»ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬±äµÃ½¹ÂDz¢ÇÒ²»ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬¼´Ê¹ÓµÓÐijЩ¶«Î÷Ò²ÊÇ»¼µÃ»¼Ê§£¬¾ÍÊÇÕâÑù£¬ÎÒ¾õµÃÎÒʧȥÁ˺ܶà¿ìÀÖ£¬ÕâÑùµÄ¶ñÐÔÑ»·£¬ÈÃÎÒ±äµÃ¸ü¼ÓÓÐÐÄÀí¸ºµ££¬ÓÐʱºòÉõÖÁ²»ÖªµÀÎÒÓ¦¸ÃÈçºÎÈ¥×ö»òÕßȥѡÔñ¡£»á±äµÃÐÄÐ÷²»Äþ£¬ÈÃ×Ô¼º¶¼ÎÞ·¨Í¶È뵽ѧϰºÍÉú»îÖС£
ºóÀ´ÎÒ¾õµÃÎÒÓ¦¸Ã°ÚÕý×Ô¼ºµÄλÖá£Ó¦¸Ã¶à×öһЩ×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶²¢ÇÒÓÐÒâÒåµÄÊÂÇ飬ÔÚһЩÁìÓòÕÒµ½×Ô¼ºµÄ³É¾Í¸Ð£¬Éú»îÓÐǧǧÍòÍòÃæ£¬×ÜÓÐÊʺÏÄãµÄλÖûáʹÄã±äµÃ×ÔÐźͿìÀÖ¡£ÔÚÕߣ¬Éú»î»áÓеÍÃÔ²¢ÇÒ¼èÄѵÄʱºò£¬¸Ã·Å¿íÐĵÄʱºò¾Í·Å¿íÐÄ£¬²»ÒªÎªÁ˹ýÈ¥Á˵Äij¼þÊÂÇé¶ø»ÙÁË£¬ÄãδÀ´µÄËùÓÐʱ¹â¡£ÖÁÉÙÏÖÔÚµÄÎÒÊÇÕâÑùÏëµÄ£¬¾ÍÏñ×Ô¼ºÒÔǰһÑù£¬»áÒòΪijһ¾ä»°£¬Ä³Ò»¸ö±íÇ飬ÏëºÜ¾ÃºÜ¾Ã£¬ÀË·Ñʱ¼ä²¢ÇÒûÓÐÊ²Ã´Òæ´¦¡£
¿ÉÒÔ»¨Ã¿Ò»¸ö×ÔѰ·³ÄÕµÄʱ¼äÀ´ÊµÏÖ×Ô¼ºÃ¿Ò»¸öϸСµÄÔ¸Íû£¬µ±Äã¼á³Ö²»ÔÙÈ¥°§Ì¾Éú»îʱ£¬Éú»î»á¸øÄãÒ»¸ö´ó´óµÄÓµ±§¡£
ÎһỨʱ¼äÀ´·´Ë¼×Ô¼ºµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÓÐʲô×öµÄ²»ºÃµÄ£¬ÏÂÒ»´Î¸ÄÕý¡£ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸ÃÔÚ¹ýȥʧ°ÜµÄ¾ÀúÖÐÎüÈ¡¾Ñ飬µ«ÊDz»±Ø¹ý¶È°Ã»Ú£¬·ñÔò´¦Àí²»µ±¾Í»á´ò»÷×Ô¼ºµÄ×ÔÐÅÐÄ¡£
ʼÖÕÏàÐŲ»Ò¹ÀÉ×Ô´óÒ²²»Íý×ԷƱ¡£¬Ò»²½Ò»²½µÄ½¨Á¢×Ô¼ºµÄ×ÔÐÅ£¬Çë¸øÓè×Ô¼º¼áÐŵÄÁ¦Á¿¡£
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º×÷ÎĵÚ3ƪ
ÿ¸öÈ˶¼ÓÐ×Ô¼ºµÄÀíÏ룬¶¼Îª×Ô¼ºµÄÀíÏëŬÁ¦¹ý¡£µ½ÏÖÔÚ£¬Ò²ÐíÄãµÄÀíÏëÒѾʵÏÖÁË£¬»òÕßûÓÐʵÏÖ¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬ÎÒÏë¶Ô´ó¼Ò˵£º¡°ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÓÀ²»·ÅÆú£¬Ê¤ÀûÓÀÔ¶ÊôÓÚ¸ÒÓÚÅʵǸ߷åµÄÈË¡£¡±
ÏàÐÅ´ó¼Ò¶¼Ìý¹ý¡¶º£µ×Á½ÍòÀï¡·Õâ±¾Ê飡µ«ÊÇÄãÖªµÀËüµÄ×÷ÕßÈåÀÕ·²¶ûÄÉÂð£¿Õâλ±»³ÆÎª¡°ÏÖ´ú¿Æ»ÃÖ®¸¸¡±µÄ×÷¼Ò£¬Îª×Ô¼ºµÄÀíÏ븶³öÁ˺ܶàŬÁ¦£¬Ò²ÔâÊÜÁ˺ܶà´ò»÷¡£1863Ä꣬·²¶ûÄÉ´´×÷¡¶ÆøÇòÉϵÄÐÇÆÚÎå¡·ºó£¬È¥ÁË16¼Ò³ö°æÉ磬µ«×÷Ϊ»Ø±¨£¬Ëû¾Ü¾øÁË16´Î¡£ËûÓе㶯ҡ¡£Ò²ÐíËûÕæµÄ²»ÊʺÏд×÷¡£ÔÙÊÔÒ»´Î£¬ÓÚÊÇËû¹ÄÆðÓÂÆø°ÑËüË͵½µÚÊ®Æß³ö°æÉ磬ÖÕÓÚ³ö°æÁË¡£¾¹ýÐí¶à²¨ÕÛ¡¢Ê§°ÜºÍ´ò»÷£¬ÕâÎ»ÖøÃûµÄ¿Æ»Ã×÷¼ÒÖÕÓڳɹ¦ÁË¡£ÓÐÒ»´Î£¬ËûȷʵÏë·ÅÆú£¬µ«ËûûÓУ¬ÒòΪËû¶ÔÀíÏëµÄ×·ÇóºÍ¶Ô×Ô¼º¼á¶¨µÄÐÅÄÈåÀÕ·²¶ûÄɲÅÓÐÓÂÆøºÍÐÅÐÄ×ß½øµÚÊ®Æß³ö°æÉç¡£
·²¶ûÄɵÄ×ÔÐÅ¡¢×·ÇóºÍÓÂÆø£¬¶¼ÌåÏÖÁËÈåÀÕ·²¶ûÄÉÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º¡¢ÓÀ²»·ÅÆúµÄ¾«Éñ¡£Õâ²»ÕýÊÇÎÒÃÇÐèÒªµÄÂð£¿
ÔÚÂþ³¤µÄѧϰÉú»îÖУ¬ÔÚ¼ÒÈ˺ÍÀÏʦµÄ¹ÄÀøÏ£¬
½ÌÊ飬³É¹¦µÄϲÔ㬸üÊÇ´ó´óССµÄ´ìÕۺʹò»÷¡£
ÎÒ»¹¼ÇµÃÄǴο¼ÊÔ¡£¿¼ÊÔǰ£¬ÎÒ×ÜÊdzɼ¨ÓÅÒ죬ÕâÒýÆðÁËÀÏʦµÄ×¢Òâ¡£ÎÒÏ£ÍûÎÒÄÜÈ¡µÃºÃ³É¼¨£¬Îҵĸ¸Ä¸±§×źܴóµÄÏ£Íû¡£µ±ËùÓÐÈ˶¼ÔڵȴýϲÔõÄʱºò£¬ÊÇÎÒ×¹ÈëËïɽµÄÏûÏ¢¡£µ±Ê±£¬³°Ð¦¡¢ÅúÆÀ¡¢»³ÒɺÍѯÎÊÆÌÌì¸ÇµØ¡£Ò»¸öÏʺìµÄ²æ×Ó£¬Ò»¸öʧÍûµÄÒź¶£¬Ò»¸ö÷öÈ»µÄÑÛÉñ£¬ÕæµÄÈÃÎÒÉíÐÄ¾ãÆ£¡£ÐÄÀïºÃÏñÓпéʯͷ£¬ÈÃÎÒÕ¾²»Ö±¡£
¡°·ÅÆú°É£¡¡±Ò»¸öÏë·¨ÉÁÏÖ³öÀ´¡£Ã»ÓУ¡ÎÒ²»ÄÜ·ÅÆú¡£ÎÒÏëÏòÖì¶û˹ѧϰ£¿·²¶ûÄÉ£¬ÎÒҪ׷Çó£¬ÎÒÒª³É¾Í£¬ÎÒÒªÖ¤Ã÷¡£ÎÒ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÎÒÒª×öµ½£¬ÎÒÒ»¶¨Òª×öµ½£¡´íÌâÒ»¸ö½ÓÒ»¸ö£¬ÎÒ×Ðϸ·ÖÎö¼ì²éÓÐÎÞÒÅ©ÏÝÚ壻һ½Ú¿ÎÒ»½Ú¿Î£¬ÎÒרÐÄ×ö±Ê¼Ç£»Ò»ÌìÍíÉÏ£¬ÎÒŬÁ¦Ñ§Ï°£¬Å¬Á¦·Ü¶·£»ÎÒÒ»¸ö¸öŬÁ¦Ñ§Ï°£¬×·¸ù¾¿µ×¡£
ŬÁ¦Ò»¶¨»á´øÀ´·á˶µÄ³É¹û¡£ÔÚ½ÓÏÂÀ´µÄ¿¼ÊÔÖУ¬ÎÒÖÕÓڻص½Á˰ñÊס£Ôٴθø´ó¼Ò´øÀ´¾ªÏ²ºÍ»¶ÀÖ¡£¾ÍÊÇÕâÑùµÄÒ»¼þÊ£¬ÈÃÎÒÉîÉîµÄÃ÷°×ÁËÕâÑùÒ»¸öµÀÀí£º²»Òª±»À§ÄÑÏŵ¹£»²»ÒªÈôìÕÛսʤ£»²»ÒªÈÃʧ°ÜÖ÷Ô×Ò»ÇС£ÓÃÎÒÃǵÄÐÅÐĺÍÒãÁ¦£¬´î½¨Ò»×ùͨÏò³É¹¦±Ë°¶µÄ²ÊÇÅ¡£
°®Õ½±ØÊ¤£¡Ö»ÒªÎÒÃǼᶨÀíÏ룬ÓÀ²»·ÅÆú£¬Ó¸ÒÕ½¶·£¬Ò»¶¨»á³É¹¦¡£
¼á¶¨ÀíÏëÓÀ²»·ÅÆú=×ßÏò³É¹¦£¡
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º×÷ÎĵÚ4ƪ
¹âÒõËÆ¼ý£¬ÈÕÔÂÈçËó£¬ÈËÉúÈçÔ£¬Ó¯¿÷Óм䡣ÔÚÈËÉú¶Ì¶ÌÊýÊ®´ºÇïÖУ¬ÔõÑù²ÅÄÜÕÒµ½ÉúÃüµÄ×ø±ê£¬ÊµÏÖÉúÃüµÄ¼ÛÖµ£¬³ÉΪÁËÒ»´úÓÖÒ»´úÈ˲»Ð¸Ì½¾¿µÄÄÑÌâ¡£ÓÐÒ»¸öÉùÒôÔÚÌìµØ¼ä»ØÏ졪¡ª¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º¡£
À¯×öµÄÆ»¹ûͬѧÃÇΪʲô»áÎŵ½Ïãζ£¿ÔÒòÊÇËûÃDz»¼á³ÖÕæÀí£¬ÈËÔÆÒàÔÆ£¬ÓÐÒ»¸öͬѧ˵Îŵ½ÁËÏã棬ËûÃǶ¼ËµÎŵ½ÁË¡£Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸öͬѧ¼á³Ö×Ô¼ºµÄ¹Ûµã£¬×îÖÕ³ÉΪÁËΰ´óµÄ˼Ïë¼Ò¡£Ëû¾ÍÊǰØÀͼ¡£
´óÄ®µÄÍÕÁåΪʲôÈç´Ë¶¯Ìý£¿ÒòÎªÂæÍÕ´ø×żáÇ¿×ÔÐÅ×ß¹ýÁËÂþÂþ·çɳ£»¸ê±ÚµÄºúÑîΪʲôÈç´Ë׳ÃÀ£¬ÒòΪÄÇǧÄê²»ËÀ¡¢Ç§Äê²»¿ÝµÄÉñ»°´ø×żáÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÆ·ÖÊ¡¢Ð¦°ÁÇá¿ñµÄɳ±©¡£
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºÊÇÌú£¬¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºÊǸ֡£
×Ô¹ÅÒÔÀ´£¬¶àÉÙÉí²ÐÖ¾¼áµÄÈË£¬¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬×·ÖðÐÄÖеÄÃÎÏ룬ËûÃÇÆ´Ãü¿Ë·þÉíÌåµÄȱÏÝ£¬Àú¾¡¼èÐÁ£¬ÖÕ³ÉÕý¹û£¬ÁîÈ˾´Å塣ʷÌúÉúÓòÐȱµÄÉíÌ壬˵³öÁË×îΪ½¡È«¶ø·áÂúµÄ˼Ï룬ËûÌåÑéµ½µÄÊÇÉúÃüµÄ¿àÄÑ£¬±í´ï³öµÄÈ´ÊÇ´æÔÚµÄÃ÷Àʺͻ¶ÀÖ¡£
ËûÉí²ÐÖ¾¼á£¬ÖÇÉ̳¬ÈË¡£ÏÖ´ú°®Òò˹̹ÊÇËûµ±Ö®ÎÞÀ¢µÄÈÙÓþ¡£ËûÒ»ÉúÒÔÑо¿ÖØÁ¦ºÍºÚ¶´ÎªÖ÷£¬²¢ÓÐÁËÍ»³öµÄ³É¾ÍºÍ¹±Ïס£ÎªÏÖ´úÎïÀíѧºÍÌìÌåÎïÀíѧ×ö³ö¼«´óµÄ¹±Ïס£ÊÇŵ±´¶û½±µ±Ö®ÎÞÀ¢µÄ»ñµÃÕß¡£Ëû¾ÍÊǾÙÊÀÎÅÃûµÄÓ¢¹ú½£ÇÅ´óѧ½ÌÊÚ¡ª¡ªÊ·µÙ·Ò£¿»ô½ð¡£
ÒòΪ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ËûÃÇûÓÐÇü·þÃüÔË£¬ÒòΪ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ËûÃǶóסÁËÃüÔ˵ÄÑÊºí¡£
Ãæ¶ÔÐÙÅ«µÄ¶à´ÎÓÕ½µ¡¢±Æ½µ£¬ËÕÎäʼÖÕ¶¼¼á³Ö×öÒ»¸öÖÕÓÚººÊҵij¼×Ó£¬²¢ÇÒ£¬µ¥ÓÚ¶à´Î½«ÆäÖÃÓÚ¼«Æä¼èÄÑÀ§¿àµÄ»·¾³£¬Ëû¶¼¼á¶¨¼áÇ¿µØ»îÏÂÈ¥¡£ÉîÏÝÐÙūʮ¾ÅÔØ£¬ÔøÓÚ´óÒ¤Äöѩʳë£¬ÔøÓÚ±±º£ÕȽÚÄÁÑò£¬ÀúËÀ¶øºóÉú£¬ËÕÎäËù¼áÊØµÄ£¬ÊÇÒ»¿ÅÖÒÓÚ¹ú¼Ò¡¢ÖÕÓÚººÊҵijà³ÏÖ®ÐÄ£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ¼á³Öµ½µ×±Ø»áÈ¡µÃʤÀûµÄÐÅÄî¡£ÕýÒòΪÓÐÒ»¿Å¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÐÄ£¬ËÕÎä²»µ«±£È«ÁËÃû½Ú£¬Î¬»¤Á˺ºÊÒ×ðÑÏ£¬²¢ÇÒ×îÖÕµÃÒԻع麺ÊÒ¡£
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÅÄָÒýÄã×ßÏò³É¹¦µÄµÀ·£¬¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÁ¦Á¿£¬ÊÇÄãÔڳɹ¦Â·ÉϵÄÒ»·Ý¼áÇ¿Óë×ÔÐÅ£¬¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÒãÁ¦£¬ÈÃÄãÊܵ½À§¿àʱ¶àÒ»·Ý¼á³Ö¡£Í¬Ñ§ÃÇ£¬¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬²ÅÄܹ»ÊµÏÖÃÎÏ룬ÈÃÎÒÃǼáÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬»³×ÅÐÅÄî×ßÔÚ¿àÃÆÓÖ¿ìÀÖµÄÈËÉúµÀ·Éϰɣ¡
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º×÷ÎĵÚ5ƪ
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÈÃÐÅÐijÉΪһµÀѤÀöµÄ·ç¾°Ïߣº¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÈÃÐÅÐÄËæ·ç°¿Ï裻¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÈÃÐÅÐÄÖþ¾ÍÄãµÄ³É¹¦¡£
Õâ¸öÊÀ½çÉÏÄܹ»ÈÃÄãÏàÐŵĶ«Î÷¶¼ÐèÒªÄãÔÚÄÚÐÄÉî´¦ÈϿɣ¬ÐèÒªÄãÈÏÕæµØ³ÐÈÏ£¬Äã²ÅÄܹ»ÏàÐÅ£¬ËùÒÔ£¬Ò»ÇÐÊÂÇé²»Äܹ»Ã¤Ä¿µØÈ¥ÏàÐÅ»òÕßÈ¥»³ÒÉ£¬×ñÑ×Ô¼ºÄÚÐÄ×îÕæÊµµÄÏë·¨²ÅÊÇÕæÊµ¡£
ûÓйâÃ÷£¬Ò»Ñù¿ÉÒÔ´´Ôì³ö»Ô»ÍµÄδÀ´¡£
º£Âס¤¿ÀÕ£¬Ò»Î»ÖøÃûµÄÎÄѧ¼Ò¡£ËýÒòСʱºò·¢ÉÕ¶øÒýÆðÊÓ¾õÕϰ£¬Ð¡Ð¡µÄËýÔÙÒ²¿´²»¼ûÕ¿À¶µÄÌì¿Õ£¬ÑÞÀöµÄ»¨¶ä¡£ËýÒ»¶È·´¿¹£¬·´¿¹ÃüÔ˵IJ»¹«Æ½¡£µ«ËýµÄĸÇ×´¾´¾½Ì»å£¬ÄÍÐĵØÊ¹Ëý×ß³öÄÚÐĵÄÕÛÄ¥£¬ÈÃËýÈÏΪ£ºÊÀ½çÉϵÄÒ»Çж«Î÷²»ÊÇÑÛ¾¦¾ÍÄÜ¿´µ½ÕæÊµµÄ£¬Äã×Ô¼ºµÄÄÚÐÄÉî´¦ÒªÓÐһ˫×îÉÁÁÁµÄÑÛ¾¦ÈÃÄãÈ¥¿´µ½ÊÀ½çµÄÃÀÀö£¬ÄãÒªÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÌý¾õ£¬Ðá¾õÈ¥¸ÐÊÜÕâÊÀ¼äµÄΰ´ó¡£º£Â×¼áÇ¿ÆðÀ´ÁË£¬ËýÒªÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÁ¦Á¿È¥ÏíÊÜÕâ¸öÊÀ½ç¡£Ä¸Ç×ΪËýÇëÀ´Á˼ҽÌÀÏʦ£¬º£Âײ»¹ËºÚÌì°×Ì죬ŬÁ¦µØÑ§Ï°Ã¤ÎÄ£¬Á·Ï°Ð´×Ö£¬ËýÔÚºÆå«µÄÊ麣ÖÐÌå»áµ½ÁËÎÞÏ޵ĿìÀÖ£¬ÈÃËý¿´µ½ÁË×Ô¼ºÄÚÐĵįÚÍû¡£ËýÈÏΪÊÀ½çÉϵÄÒ»ÇпàÄѶ¼²»»áʹËýµøµ¹£¬Ö»ÓмáÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬²ÅÄܳɹ¦¡£ÓÚÊÇËýд³öÁËÎÄѧ¾ÞÖø¡¶¼ÙÈç¸øÎÒÈýÌì¹âÃ÷¡·¡£
º£Â×ÒÔËýÍçÇ¿µÄÒãÁ¦ºÍ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄ³õÖÔ£¬Ôì¾ÍÁËÊôÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ»Ô»Í¡£
ûÁËÉùÒô£¬Ò»Ñù¿ÉÒÔÖý¾Í³ö»Ô»ÍµÄδÀ´¡£
±´¶à·Ò£¬Ò»Î»Î°´óµÄ×÷Çú¼Ò¡£ÔÚ±´¶à·ÒµÄÒôÀÖÊÂÒµÕ¾µ½áÛ·åµÄʱºò£¬ËûµÄÌýÁ¦È´Öð½¥Ï½µ£¬Õâ¶Ôһλָ»Ó¼ÒÀ´ËµÎÞÒÉÊÇ×î´óµÄÉ˺¦¡£Ê§È¥ÌýÁ¦£¬Äܹ»Ö¸»Ó³öÊ²Ã´ÄØ¡£ËûÉËÐÄÓû¾ø£¬²»ÔÚ´´ÔìÀÖÇú£¬¿ÉËûÒÀÈ»·Å²»ÏÂÈ¥¶ÔÒôÀÖµÄÈȰ®¡£Ëû°Ñ×Ô¼º¹ØÔÚÒ»¸öÕСµÄ¿Õ·¿Àï·¢·ÜÁ·Ï°£¬ÈÏΪ×Ô¼ºÆ¾½èŬÁ¦Ò»¶¨»áÕ¾µ½×Ô¼ºµÄÎę̀¡£ÕýÊÇËûµÄÕâÖÖ¾«ÉñʹËûÖØÐ·µ»ØÎę̀£¬À´Ö÷Ô××Ô¼ºµÄÃüÔË£¬ÕýÊÇÕâÖÖ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÆ·ÖÊʹËû´´Ôì³öÃûÇú¡¶ÃüÔ˽»ÏìÇú¡·¡£
±´¶à·ÒÒÔËû¼áÈÌµÄÆ·ÖʺͲ»·ÅÆú×Ô¼ºµÄ¾«Éñ£¬´´Ôì³öÁËÊôÓÚ×Ô¼ºµÄΰ´ó¡£
ûÓйâÃ÷£¬Ã»ÓÐÉùÒô£¬Ò»Ñù¿ÉÒÔÓ®µÃÊÀ½çµÄ×ðÖØ£¬Ò»Ñù¿ÉÒÔ´´Ôì»Ô»ÍµÄδÀ´£¬Î¨Ò»µÄ°ì·¨¾ÍÊÇÒª¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º¡£
¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º×÷ÎĵÚ6ƪ
×Ü˵ÈËÉúÊÇÒ»³¡ÂÃÐУ¬Ëµ³¤²»³¤£¬Ëµ¶ÌÈ´Ò²²»¶Ì£¬ÔÚÈËÉúÕâδ֪µÄÂÃÐÐÖУ¬ÎÒÃǶ¼Ãâ²»ÁËÃÔ㯣¬Ãâ²»ÁËΪijЩÊÂÓÌÔ¥²»¾ö£¬µ«Ò»Ö±¶¼Æ¯¸¡²»¶¨µÄÈËÉú£¬¾ø¶Ô²»»áÊǺõÄÈËÉú¡£ÎÞÂÛÈçºÎ£¬ÎÒÃǶ¼Ó¦¸ÃÀÎÀεļÇס£¬ÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º×Ü»áµÈµ½»¨¿ªµÄÄÇÒ»Ìì¡£
ÒòΪÏÛĽ±ðÈ˵Äľ̿һֱÂôµÄºÜºÃ£¬ÄǸöÀú¾¼èÐÁѰÕÒµ½±¦ÎïµÄÄêÇáÈË£¬¾Í¿ªÊ¼»³ÒÉ×Ô¼º£¬»³ÒÉ×Ô¼ºËù¼áÐŵı¦ÎïÊÇ·ñÕæµÄÓмÛÖµ£¬ÁîÈË̾ÍïµÄÊÇ£¬Ëû×îÖÕ»¹Êǽ«Õâ³ÁÏãÉÕ³ÉÁËľ̿£¬ÁîËûÄÑÒÔÖÃÐŵÄÊÇ£¬ÕâÉÕ³Éľ̿µÄºìľÕýÊÇÄǼÛÖµÁ¬³ÇµÄ³ÁÏ㣬ÌÈÈôËûʼÖÕ¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬ÄÇô´ýµ½·¢ÏÖÕâºìľ¼ÛÖµµÄÒ»Ì죬ËûÊÕ»ñµÄ¾Í²»½ö½öÊÇľ̿µÄÊÕÒæÀ²£¬Óɴ˿ɼû¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºÊǶàôµÄÖØÒª¡£
¼áÐÅ×ÔÎÒ£¬Ð¡µ½Éú»îÖÐ×Ô¼º¶Ôÿ¼þʵÄÁ¢³¡£¬´óµ½´ÓʼÖÁÖÕ¶¼Ó¦×·Ñ°µÄÃÎÏ룬ÔÚÈκÎʱºòÎÒÃǶ¼ÍòÍò²»¿ÉËæ²¨ÖðÁ÷£¬ÇáÒ׵ϳÒÉ×Ô¼º£¬ÈôÊǶÔÈκÎʶ¼Ã»ÓÐÖ÷¼û£¬Ã»ÓÐÁ¢³¡£¬ÇáÒ׵ľÍÒòΪËûÈ˶ø¸Ä±ä×Ô¼ºµÄÏë·¨£¬ÄÇôÎÒÃÇÖÕ½«Ò»ÊÂÎ޳ɡ£
ʼÖռᶨÃÎÏ룬¶øÓµÓйâ²ÊÈËÉúµÄÂíÔÆ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öºÜºÃµÄÈËÉúÄ£°å£¬ÔÚ´´Ê¼°¢Àï°Í°ÍµÄµÀ·ÉϾÀúÁ˲»ÉÙ´ìÕÛ£¬×î³õµÄʱºòûÓÐÈËÏàÐÅÂíÔÆµÄÃÎÏë»á³ÉÕæ£¬ÔÚËû²»ÔÚÒâÍâ½çµÄ¿´·¨£¬Ê¼ÖÕ¼áÊØ×Ô¼ºµÄÃÎÏ룬²»Íü³õÐÄ£¬×îÖճɹ¦µØ¸Ä±äÁËÈËÃǵÄÉú»î£¬ÎªÈËÃÇ´øÀ´Á˸£Òô¡£ÕâÊÇ×î³õûÓÐÈË»áÁϵ½µÄ£¬µ«¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÂíÔÆÕæµÄ×öµ½ÁË£¬Òò¶øÔì¾ÍÁËËû»Ô»ÍµÄÈËÉú¡£
ÔÚµçÊÓÉÏ¿´µ½¹ýÕâÑùÒ»¸öÃÀ¹úÅ®º¢£¬Ëý˵Ëý´ÓСµÄÃÎÏë¾ÍÊdzÉΪÃÀ¹úµÄ×Üͳ£¬Ëý¼áÐÅ×Ô¼ºÒ»¶¨¿ÉÒÔÓ®µÃÃÀ¹úÃñÖÚµÄÕÆÉù£¬³ÉΪ×Üͳ£¬ÈÃÈËÃǵÄÉú»î¸üºÃ¡£ËäÈ»»¹Ã»ÓÐʵÏÖ£¬µ«ËýʼÖÕŬÁ¦×Å£¬¼á¶¨ÃÎÏëÒ»¶¨»á³ÉÕæ£¬ÎÒÒ²ÏàÐÅËý£¬ÒòΪËýÓÐÒ»¿Å³à³Ï²»±äµÄÐÄ£¬Õâ¶ÔÓÚʵÏÖÃÎÏëÀ´ËµÊÇÖÁ¹ØÖØÒªµÄ£¬µ«¼áÐÅ×Ô¼º²¢²»Òâζ×ÅäĿµÄÏàÐÅ×Ô¼º£¬Ã¿Äê×ÜÓв»ÉÙÇàÉÙÄêÄçË®µÄÐÂÎű»±¨µÀ¡£ÕâЩÉÙÄêÃÇÄѵÀûÓÐÊܵ½¹ý²»ÄÜϺÓÓÎÓ¾µÄ½ÌÓýÂ𣿲»£¬ËûÃÇÒ»¶¨ÖªµÀ£¬µ«ÒòΪ¹ýÓÚ×ÔÐÅ£¬×îºóʧȥÁ˲»¿ÉÍì»ØµÄÉúÃü¡£ËùÒÔ˵ÎÒ²»ÄÜ×ö£¬·ç´µÁ½±ßµ¹µÄǽͷ²Ý£¬µ«Í¬Ê±Ò²²»ÄÜ×öÒ»¿Ãǽ±ß¹ÌÖ´µÄ²Ý£¬²»ÌýȰ×裬äĿµÄ×ÔÐÅ¡£ÏàÐÅ×ÔÎÒ£¬²»Íü³õÐÄ£¬·½µÃʼÖÕ¡£